Upper Mustang Trek

Visa for the Upper Mustang Trek

The Upper Mustang Trek takes adventurers into one of Nepal's most remote regions, where ancient Tibetan culture survives and the landscape offers dramatic vistas that are markedly different from the lush greenery elsewhere in the country. For international travelers, the process of obtaining the necessary visas and permits is a crucial part of planning the trek. Here’s what you need to know about securing the visa for the Upper Mustang Trek:

• Nepal Tourist Visa: Before thinking about special permits, all foreign visitors need a Nepal tourist visa which can be obtained on arrival at Kathmandu’s Tribhuvan International Airport or through Nepalese diplomatic missions abroad.
• Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit: Upper Mustang is a restricted area. Trekkers must obtain a special permit, which is considerably more expensive than regular trekking permits due to the sensitive nature of the border with Tibet.
• ACAP Permit: Alongside the restricted area permit, trekkers need the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) because the trek passes through this protected area.
• Permit Cost: The restricted area permit for Upper Mustang costs $500 per person for the first 10 days and $50 for each additional day.
• Group Requirement: To obtain the restricted area permit, you must be part of a group of at least two trekkers and be accompanied by a registered guide.
• Application Through a Trekking Agency: Permits for Upper Mustang cannot be obtained individually and must be processed through a registered Nepalese trekking agency.
• Passport Validity: Ensure that your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date from Nepal.
• Documentation: You will need to provide passport-sized photos and a copy of your passport for the permit application.
• Processing Time: It’s advisable to allow a few days in Kathmandu or Pokhara for your trekking agency to arrange all necessary permits.
• No Independent Trekkers: Independent trekking is not allowed in Upper Mustang, and permits will not be issued to solo trekkers.

While obtaining the necessary visas and permits for the Upper Mustang Trek requires some effort and expense, the opportunity to explore this unique and culturally rich region is well worth the preparation. Be sure to plan ahead and work with a reputable trekking agency to ensure all your paperwork is in order for a hassle-free adventure into the heart of Mustang.

Accommodations During the Upper Mustang Trek 

The Upper Mustang Trek offers a unique blend of stunning natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. As trekkers journey through this remote part of Nepal, the accommodations available reflect the simplicity and traditional lifestyle of the local communities. Staying in these accommodations is not just a place to rest but also an opportunity to immerse oneself in the daily life of the Mustang region. Here are the key points regarding accommodations during the Upper Mustang Trek:

• Teahouses: The most common form of accommodation along the trek are teahouses. These are small, family-run guesthouses that offer basic rooms and home-cooked meals.
• Basic Facilities: Rooms in teahouses are typically very basic, often with just a bed, a pillow, and sometimes a wooden table. Bathrooms are usually shared.
• Traditional Decor: Many teahouses are decorated in traditional Tibetan style, offering a culturally immersive experience.
• Electricity and Charging: Electricity is available in most teahouses, although it can be sporadic. Charging electronic devices may incur a small fee.
• Hot Water: Hot water for showers is often available but may come with an additional cost, especially in higher or more remote areas.
• Dining: Meals are served in a communal dining area, which also serves as a warm, social space where trekkers can gather and share stories.
• Local Cuisine: The food is generally local cuisine, with some teahouses also offering a limited selection of Western dishes. Dal Bhat (rice and lentils) is a staple and is considered to provide the necessary nutrients for high-energy trekking days.
• No Heating in Rooms: Rooms usually do not have heating, so it’s important to have a good quality sleeping bag. Some teahouses offer blankets for additional warmth.
• Advance Booking: During peak trekking seasons, it’s advisable to book accommodations in advance, as teahouses can fill up quickly.
• Camping Options: For those who prefer more solitude or are visiting during the busy season, camping is an option. Some tour operators provide tents and campsite meals as part of their trek packages.

Accommodations on the Upper Mustang Trek are not luxurious, they offer the essentials and provide a closer look at the lifestyle in this part of the world. Staying in these teahouses supports the local economy and enhances the cultural exchange, making your trekking experience both enriching and memorable. Whether you choose to stay in teahouses or camp under the stars, you’re in for an adventure that’s as much about the journey as the destination.

Transportation During the Upper Mustang Trek

Transportation during the Upper Mustang Trek is an integral part of the adventure, characterized by a combination of modern and traditional travel methods that blend seamlessly with the rugged terrain and remote location of the region. Here’s an overview of what to expect in terms of transportation on this trek:

• Flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara: The journey typically begins with a flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara, which is the closest major city to the starting point of the trek.
• Drive from Pokhara to Jomsom: Although some choose to fly from Pokhara to Jomsom, many trekkers opt for the scenic drive, which provides breathtaking views of the Himalayas and the surrounding landscapes.
• Flight from Pokhara to Jomsom: For those short on time, a flight from Pokhara to Jomsom offers a quick and dramatic entry into the Mustang region, flying between mountains and over deep gorges.
• Trekking on Foot: The primary mode of transportation once in Jomsom and throughout the Upper Mustang is trekking on foot. This allows trekkers to navigate the narrow paths and steep terrains that vehicles cannot access.
• Horses and Mules: In some parts of the trek, especially in the more remote and rugged terrains, horses and mules can be used to carry luggage or even as a ride for trekkers needing a break from walking.
• Jeeps and Local Buses: In some sections, especially in the lower Mustang areas, jeeps and local buses are available. These are often used for larger groups or by locals, and can be a faster alternative to walking.
• Local Motorcycles: In less touristy and more accessible parts, it’s not uncommon to see local motorcycles navigating the rough trails.
• Porters: Many trekkers hire porters to carry their gear, which makes the trek less physically demanding and supports the local economy.
• Return Journey: The return to Pokhara is typically by flight from Jomsom, which is a convenient and quick way to conclude the trek and return to more urban settings.
• Private Transfers: For those seeking a bit more comfort and convenience, private transfers can be arranged in advance to and from trekking points, providing a personalized travel experience.

Transportation in Upper Mustang is as much about the journey as the destination itself. The combination of flights, trekking, and local transport options offers a unique perspective of the landscape and culture of this secluded part of Nepal. Whether flying over the mountains or trekking through ancient trails, each mode of transport contributes to the overall adventure and allows trekkers to experience the region's beauty and challenges firsthand.

Currencies Accepted during the Upper Mustang Trek

When trekking in the Upper Mustang region of Nepal, managing finances and understanding which currencies are accepted is crucial for a smooth journey. Here are key points about currency usage during the Upper Mustang Trek:

• Nepalese Rupee (NPR): The primary currency accepted throughout Nepal, including in Upper Mustang, is the Nepalese Rupee. All local transactions, such as meals, accommodation, and transportation, are priced in NPR.
• Limited Foreign Currency Acceptance: While major currencies like the US Dollar, Euro, or British Pound might be accepted in some tourist-oriented businesses in larger cities like Kathmandu or Pokhara, in Upper Mustang, it's primarily the Nepalese Rupee that's used.
• Cash is King: In the remote areas of Upper Mustang, cash is essential since credit card facilities and ATMs are virtually non-existent. Ensure you carry sufficient cash for the duration of the trek.
• Exchange Currency Before the Trek: It’s advisable to exchange your foreign currency for Nepalese Rupees in major cities like Kathmandu or Pokhara before you begin your trek.
• ATMs in Kathmandu and Pokhara: The last ATMs you will encounter are in Pokhara. Make sure to withdraw enough cash there as you won't find any ATM facilities once the trek starts.
• No Credit Card Facilities: Do not rely on credit cards as a payment method during the trek since teahouses and local shops do not have the infrastructure to accept them.
• Carry Small Denominations: It's helpful to carry smaller denominations of Nepalese Rupees for easier transactions in local villages, such as buying snacks, drinks, or souvenirs.
• Budgeting: Typically, budget around 2,000 to 3,000 NPR per day for basic lodging and meals. This can vary depending on the level of comfort you seek.
• Tipping: Tipping is customary in Nepal for guides and porters. It’s practical to set aside a small amount in Nepalese Rupees for this purpose at the end of your trek.
• Emergency Fund: Always carry a little extra as an emergency fund, which can be useful in unexpected situations or if the trek takes longer than planned.

By managing your currency needs efficiently and understanding the monetary expectations of the Upper Mustang trek, you can ensure a more focused and enjoyable trekking experience, free from the worries of financial logistics.

Safety During the Upper Mustang Trek

Safety during the Upper Mustang Trek is a critical aspect to consider, as the region's remote nature and challenging terrain can present various risks. However, with proper preparation and awareness, the trek can be a rewarding and safe experience. Here are key safety considerations for the Upper Mustang Trek:

• Acclimatization: The trek involves high altitudes, with many areas above 3,000 meters. It’s essential to follow a gradual ascent to avoid altitude sickness. Understand the symptoms of altitude sickness and take preventive measures.
• Guide and Porter Services: Always trek with a registered guide and, if needed, a porter. This is not only a requirement for obtaining permits but also ensures you have local knowledge and assistance, enhancing safety throughout the journey.
• Travel Insurance: Secure comprehensive travel insurance that covers high altitude trekking up to 5,000 meters. Make sure it includes medical evacuation and hospitalization.
• Stay Hydrated: Dehydration can increase susceptibility to altitude sickness and fatigue. Drink plenty of water throughout your trek.
• Weather Awareness: The weather in Upper Mustang can change rapidly. Be prepared with appropriate clothing and equipment. Check weather forecasts and listen to your guide’s advice on weather conditions each day.
• Emergency Contact: Have a reliable means of communication. While cellular service may be limited in some parts of the trek, consider renting a satellite phone for emergencies.
• Physical Fitness: The trek is demanding. Engage in pre-trek fitness training to build stamina and endurance, which can significantly enhance your safety and enjoyment of the trek.
• First Aid Kit: Carry a well-equipped first aid kit that includes treatment for blisters, cuts, and digestive issues. Also, include medication for altitude sickness if recommended by your doctor.
• Respect Local Customs: Upper Mustang is culturally sensitive. Respecting local customs and traditions can avoid conflicts and ensure a harmonious experience. This includes dressing modestly and asking permission before photographing people.
• Avoid Trekking Alone: Stick with your group and guide, especially on less traveled paths or during inclement weather, to prevent getting lost.

By adhering to these safety tips, trekkers can minimize risks and ensure that their journey through the stunning landscapes and cultural heritage of Upper Mustang is both safe and memorable.

Internet and SIM cards for the Upper Mustang Trek

Staying connected during the Upper Mustang Trek can be challenging due to the remote and rugged nature of the region. However, with some preparation, you can manage your communication needs effectively. Here are some key points about internet access and using SIM cards during the trek:

• Limited Internet Access: Internet availability in Upper Mustang is sporadic and often unreliable. Some teahouses and lodges may offer Wi-Fi service for a fee, but speeds are typically slow and the connection can be intermittent.
• Nepalese SIM Cards: Purchasing a local SIM card is a practical option for staying connected. Ncell and Nepal Telecom (NTC) are the two main providers. They offer prepaid data plans that can be useful for basic communication.
• Coverage Varies: Mobile network coverage varies throughout the trek. While larger towns like Jomsom and Kagbeni might have decent coverage, many remote areas will have little to no service.
• Prepaid Data Plans: Both Ncell and Nepal Telecom offer various data packages, which can be topped up as needed. These are more cost-effective than using international roaming services.
• Purchasing SIM Cards: SIM cards can be bought in Kathmandu or Pokhara at official stores or from many vendors. You will need a passport and a passport-sized photo to register the SIM card.
• Using Wi-Fi: Where available, using Wi-Fi in lodges and teahouses is advisable for heavier internet usage, such as uploading photos or using social media.
• Satellite Phones: For those needing reliable communication, renting a satellite phone might be a viable option, though it is more expensive.
• Power Banks: Charging facilities might be limited in teahouses, especially during peak trekking season. Carry a power bank to keep your devices charged when conventional charging options aren't available.
• Offline Apps: Download maps, translation apps, and travel guides that can be accessed offline. This is particularly useful when internet access is unavailable.
• Emergency Use: Keep your phone primarily for emergencies and necessary communications to conserve battery life throughout the trek.

By planning ahead for your connectivity needs, you can ensure a smoother and more enjoyable experience during your trek in Upper Mustang, keeping in touch with loved ones and accessing important information when needed.

Health Issues During the Upper Mustang Trek

Trekking in Upper Mustang presents unique health challenges due to its remote location, high altitude, and basic living conditions. Being aware of and preparing for potential health issues can greatly enhance the safety and enjoyment of your trek. Here are key health considerations for the Upper Mustang Trek:

• Altitude Sickness: The most common health concern on high-altitude treks is Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), which can affect anyone, regardless of fitness or age. Symptoms include headache, nausea, dizziness, and difficulty sleeping. It's crucial to acclimatize properly, ascend slowly, and stay hydrated.
• Hydration: Dehydration can exacerbate the effects of altitude sickness and fatigue. Drink at least 3-4 liters of water daily and consider adding electrolyte supplements to maintain fluid balance.
• Food and Water Safety: To avoid gastrointestinal issues, consume only boiled or treated water, and eat freshly cooked foods. Avoid raw vegetables and salads that may not have been washed with purified water.
• Sun Exposure: At high altitudes, UV radiation is significantly stronger. Wear a high SPF sunscreen, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses to protect against sunburn and eye damage.
• Cold and Hypothermia: Temperatures in Upper Mustang can drop significantly, especially at night. Dress in layers, and ensure you have adequate gear, including a warm sleeping bag and insulated clothing.
• Respiratory Problems: The dry, cold air can trigger respiratory issues. Bring scarves or buffs to cover your nose and mouth to warm the air you breathe and reduce the risk of respiratory infections.
• Traveler’s Diarrhea: This is a common issue among trekkers. Carry anti-diarrheal medication and know the symptoms of more severe conditions like dysentery or giardiasis, which may require antibiotic treatment.
• Blister Care and Prevention: Long days of trekking can lead to blisters. Wear well-fitting footwear and moisture-wicking socks, and carry blister treatment supplies.
• Insurance and Emergency Evacuation: Ensure your travel insurance covers high-altitude trekking and includes emergency evacuation and hospitalization.
• First Aid Kit: Carry a comprehensive first aid kit that includes treatment for wounds, altitude sickness, water purification tablets, antibiotics, antidiarrheal medication, and any personal medications.

Understanding these health risks and preparing adequately will help ensure that your experience trekking through the stunning landscapes of Upper Mustang is safe and memorable. Take all necessary precautions, listen to your body, and follow the advice of your guides to manage health risks effectively.

Insurance for the Upper Mustang Trek

Securing appropriate insurance for the Upper Mustang Trek is crucial due to the remote nature and potential risks associated with high-altitude trekking. Here’s what you need to consider when choosing an insurance policy for this adventure:

• High Altitude Coverage: Ensure the policy covers trekking up to at least 4,000 meters, as parts of the Upper Mustang Trek exceed this altitude. Some standard travel insurance policies exclude high-altitude activities.
• Medical Evacuation and Helicopter Rescue: Check that your insurance includes coverage for emergency medical evacuation and helicopter rescue, which can be extremely costly but essential in remote areas like Upper Mustang.
• Medical and Hospitalization Benefits: Your insurance should cover medical treatment and hospital stays. Medical facilities in remote regions may be basic, and you may need to be transported to a better-equipped facility in Kathmandu.
• Trip Cancellation and Interruption: This covers you for pre-paid expenses if your trip is unexpectedly canceled or cut short due to reasons like illness, injury, or unforeseen natural events.
• Baggage and Personal Effects: Consider a policy that includes coverage for loss, theft, or damage to your baggage and personal items.
• Repatriation: In the event of a serious illness or injury, repatriation coverage ensures you can be transported home for medical care.
• 24/7 Emergency Assistance: Opt for an insurance provider that offers 24/7 emergency assistance. This service can be invaluable in emergency situations where you need guidance on what to do and where to go.
• Policy Exclusions: Carefully review the policy exclusions. Some policies may not cover accidents occurring during "adventurous activities" like trekking unless specifically stated.
• Duration of Coverage: Make sure the policy covers the entire duration of your trip, from departure to return. Consider adding a few extra days as a buffer in case of travel delays.
• Read Reviews and Compare Offers: Look at reviews and compare different insurance offers to find the best coverage for your needs. Make sure the insurance company is reputable and has a good track record of handling claims efficiently.

It's advisable to purchase your insurance as soon as you book your trip to ensure you're covered for any issues that might occur before you start your trek. Adequate insurance not only provides financial protection but also peace of mind, allowing you to enjoy your trek through the beautiful landscapes of Upper Mustang without undue worry.

Important Checklist During the Upper Mustang Trek

The Upper Mustang Trek is an exhilarating journey through remote and rugged landscapes, demanding careful planning and preparation. Here’s an essential checklist to ensure you’re well-prepared for this unique trekking experience:

Travel Documents:

• Passport with at least six months validity.
• Nepalese visa.
• Trekking permits (Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit, Annapurna Conservation Area Permit).

Insurance:

• Comprehensive travel insurance covering high-altitude trekking, medical evacuation, and emergency rescue.

Clothing:

• Thermal underwear and layers for warmth.
• Insulating layers, especially for evenings (fleece, wool, or synthetic down jackets).
• Waterproof and windproof jackets and trousers.
• Hat, gloves, and scarf to protect against cold winds.

Footwear:

• Sturdy trekking boots with good ankle support.
• Lightweight shoes or sandals for evenings.
• Thermal socks and extra pairs to keep feet dry.

Gear and Equipment:

• Backpack with rain cover.
• Sleeping bag rated for temperatures below freezing.
• Trekking poles for added stability.

Navigation Tools:

• Maps of the trekking route.
• Compass or GPS (optional but useful for remote paths).
• Itinerary with daily route, distances, and contact numbers.

Health and Hygiene:

• First aid kit including altitude sickness medication, plasters, antiseptic, and bandages.
• Water purification tablets or a water filter.
• Sunscreen, lip balm with SPF, and moisturizer.
• Hand sanitizer and wet wipes.

Nutrition and Snacks:

• High-energy snacks like nuts, trail mix, and energy bars.
• Rehydration salts or electrolyte powders.
• Thermal flask to carry warm water or tea.

Personal Items:

• Sunglasses with UV protection.
• Camera with extra batteries or a power bank.
• Lightweight towel and basic toiletries.
• Books or e-reader for leisure.

Before you embark on the Upper Mustang Trek, thoroughly check each item on this list. Being well-prepared will not only enhance your trekking experience but also ensure your safety and comfort throughout the journey. This checklist is your foundation for a successful and memorable adventure in the stunning landscapes of Upper Mustang.

Trip Extensions for the Upper Mustang Trek

The Upper Mustang Trek is a profound experience in itself, but for those who have the time and desire to explore further, there are several trip extensions that can enrich your journey in Nepal. Here are some recommended extensions to consider:

• Annapurna Circuit Trek: This classic trek offers dramatic changes in landscape, from lush subtropical forests to arid cliffs, and provides an in-depth experience of the local culture. Integrating this trek with your Upper Mustang adventure allows for a comprehensive exploration of the Annapurna region.
• Pokhara Exploration: After the trek, spend a few days in Pokhara relaxing by the serene Phewa Lake. Pokhara offers paragliding, zip-lining, and boat rides. It’s also a great place to enjoy some rest and relaxation at a lakeside café or spa.
• Kathmandu Valley Sightseeing: Extend your stay to explore the historical and cultural landmarks of Kathmandu, including the UNESCO World Heritage sites like the Kathmandu Durbar Square, Swayambhunath (Monkey Temple), and Pashupatinath Temple.
• Chitwan National Park: For wildlife enthusiasts, a visit to Chitwan National Park offers opportunities for jungle safaris where you can see rhinos, elephants, and if you're lucky, the Bengal tiger. This extension provides a completely different experience from the trek.
• Lumbini Visit: The birthplace of Buddha offers a peaceful and spiritual experience. Exploring the temples and monasteries here is a serene way to conclude your adventurous trip.
• Bhaktapur and Patan: Spend a few days in these ancient cities near Kathmandu to see exquisite temples and palaces. Bhaktapur is known for its pottery and traditional crafts, while Patan is famous for its artisan community and rich cultural heritage.
• Everest Scenic Flight: If you haven’t had enough of the mountains, consider an Everest scenic flight from Kathmandu. It offers a spectacular aerial view of Mt. Everest and other high peaks, providing a grand finale to your Himalayan adventure.
• White Water Rafting: For those seeking a thrill, white water rafting on the Trishuli or Bhote Koshi rivers can be an exhilarating extension. These trips can be arranged for durations ranging from one day to three days.
• Helicopter Tour to Annapurna Base Camp: For a luxurious addition, take a helicopter tour to Annapurna Base Camp. This trip offers breathtaking views of the Annapurna range without the need for days of trekking.
• Tibet Border Tour: If you’re interested in more exploration, consider a guided tour to the border areas near Tibet. This can include visits to key sites such as the last resort or Kodari border, adding an adventurous edge to your trekking experience.

These extensions not only provide a deeper insight into the natural beauty and cultural richness of Nepal but also allow you to customize your adventure according to your interests and time available. Whether you're looking for relaxation, cultural immersion, or additional adventure, these extensions can significantly enhance your Himalayan journey.

Tipping for the Upper Mustang Trek

Tipping is a customary practice at the end of a trek in Nepal, including the Upper Mustang Trek. It's a way to express appreciation for the hard work and support of your guide, porter, and other crew members who have contributed to making your trek a success. Here are some guidelines on how to approach tipping during the Upper Mustang Trek:

Understanding the Norms: Tipping is not mandatory but is highly appreciated in the trekking community. It is a significant part of the income for guides and porters.

Who to Tip: Typically, you should consider tipping your guide, assistant guide (if any), and porters. Sometimes, if your trip includes drivers or other staff, they are also tipped.

How Much to Tip: A general guideline for tipping is about 10% of the cost of the trek. However, the amount can vary based on the level of satisfaction with the service provided.

• For guides: USD $10 to $15 per day.
• For porters: USD $5 to $10 per day.

Group Tipping: If you are part of a group, it’s common for all members to contribute to a collective tip that is then distributed among the staff. This ensures everyone receives a fair share.

Consider the Trek Duration and Difficulty: The amount might also reflect the length and difficulty of the trek. Longer and more challenging treks might merit a higher tip due to the increased effort required by the crew.

Personal Acknowledgment: Presenting the tip personally to each crew member at the end of the trek is a good practice. It allows you to thank them individually and makes the gesture more meaningful.

Currency: Tips should ideally be given in Nepalese Rupees, as it is easier for the crew to use without needing to exchange currencies.

Discretion: It’s customary to give the tip discreetly and respectfully. Enclosing it in an envelope can be a good way to handle the transaction smoothly.

Be Fair and Reasonable: Consider the quality of service, knowledge of the guide, the physical effort of the porters, and your overall experience when deciding how much to tip.

Seek Advice: If you’re unsure about how much to tip, don’t hesitate to ask the trekking agency for advice. They can provide recommendations based on norms for that specific trek.

Tipping is more than just a financial reward; it's a gesture of gratitude that reflects your appreciation for the hard work and dedication of those who have helped you on your journey. Always aim to be fair and generous within your budgetary constraints.

The Upper Mustang Trek offered by Druk Holidays provides a unique opportunity to explore one of the most remote and culturally rich regions of Nepal, blending physical challenges with a journey through timeless landscapes and traditions. With expert guidance and reliable support, Druk Holidays ensures a safe and memorable adventure, carefully curating every aspect from permits to experienced guides knowledgeable in local customs and history. Committed to sustainable travel, our approach supports local communities and preserves their heritage. Whether you're a seasoned trekker or a curious traveler, join Druk Holidays for an unforgettable adventure in Upper Mustang, where ancient treasures and untouched landscapes inspire awe at every turn.